Research summary · Nutrition and energy
REDs: understanding the effects of insufficient energy availability
The IOC's updated framework connects problematic low energy availability with athlete health and performance.
- Publication year
- 2023
- Publication type
- IOC consensus statement
- Journal
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Population / context
- Women and men · Multiple sports
What the publication reports
The statement brings together developments since the 2018 consensus, including evidence in male athletes, carbohydrate availability and mental-health interactions. It distinguishes adaptable from problematic low energy availability and supports an individual clinical assessment.
Limits and interpretation
REDs cannot be diagnosed from one symptom or one online questionnaire. A publisher correction appeared in 2024; read it alongside the original publication.
Read the source
Consult the original record for the full author list, methods, references, funding and competing-interest disclosures.
Original publication / indexed recordDOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994Publisher correction — read with the original paperReader discussion
Discuss the evidence.
Ask a question, share a source or discuss the methods. Respectful disagreement is welcome. Every comment and reply is reviewed before publication.
Loading comments…